National Anthem: band plays 'The Star-Spangled Banner' (9:25-11:04 min.What trace of his earthly passage can a man of genius hope will remain after his death? For a great scientist, it is almost certainly a discovery that advances human understanding a step further from ignorance and confusion.

Appeal to Congress: Roosevelt asks Congress to declare war (8:30-9:25 min.).

Appeal to the public: Roosevelt speaks for the American people, who he says will 'win through to absolute victory' (5:30-8:30 min.).

Additional Attacks: Roosevelt details Japan's 'surprise offensive' throughout the Pacific (4:40-5:30 min.).

Date Which Will Live in Infamy: Roosevelt addresses the Pearl Harbor attack (1:45-4:40 min.).

Introduction: Announcer introduces President Roosevelt, who is met with great applause (start-1:45 min.).

Sections of particular interest to students and educators are italicized.

(His secretary, Grace Tully, typed the draft.) He did not have a speechwriter Roosevelt had composed the entire speech in his head within hours of Stimson telling him the news about Pearl Harbor.īefore delivering the speech to a Joint Session of Congress, Roosevelt revised the draft-mostly updating military information and editing for clarity, tone, and content. Instead, at about 5 p.m., Roosevelt dictated a short (about 10-minute), emotional appeal to the people of the United States, as well as Congress. Roosevelt weighed Hull's advice, but decided against it. Influenced by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill's insistence on placing individual conflicts in a larger historical context, Hull urged Roosevelt to cite threats to world freedoms made by Japan. Secretary of State Cordell Hull encouraged the president to make a speech outlining the aggressive nature of Imperial Japan and the deteriorating state of U.S.-Japanese diplomatic relations. Roosevelt immediately met with members of his cabinet and close advisers. Stimson told Roosevelt and Hopkins that the Empire of Japan had attacked the American fleet at Pearl Harbor Naval Base, Hawaii. On the afternoon of December 7, 1941, a meeting between President Roosevelt and his chief adviser, Harry Hopkins, was interrupted by a telephone call from Secretary of War Henry Stimson. Nicknamed the 'Date of Infamy Speech,' it is one of the most famous political speeches of the 20th century. The sound recording was made available by the National Archives of the United States.

on Monday, December 8, 1941, in Washington, D.C. This speech was made by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to a Joint Session of Congress at 12:30 p.m.

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